Land allocation in gezira irrigation scheme the gezira has, for the most part, been based on the political judgement of the government rather than economic criteria. The dam is 3,025 metres 9,925 ft long and has a maximum height of 40 metres ft. The epa licenses some of the activities already described, and licence conditions can require that a wimp be developed for wastewater irrigation. A pdf is a digital representation of the print book, so while it can be loaded into most ereader programs, it doesnt allow for resizable text or advanced, interactive functionality. Satellite based ict for improved crop production in gezira. It is a truism that isotope methods, notably the use of neutron soil moisture and gamma soil density gauges, offer a new and effective means of research into plantsoilwater. Perspectives for sustainable development i summary and conclusions situation and outlook in brief the gezira irrigation scheme was established in 1925 and enlarged to its present capacity of 2. The scheme is situated thirty kilometers along the zaka mashoko dusty road. Domestic water supply options in gezira irrigation scheme. Environmentally, both lie in a semiarid climate with a long dry season of 9 months and a short 3 month wet season. In most cases the situation is exacerbated by the fact that their settlements are considered illegal babiker et al. Irrigation canals of the gezira scheme, sudan, from space, 1997, with the utility type of management. Irrigation tries to remove this deficiency caused due to inadequate rainfall. Satellitebased evapotranspiration over gezira irrigation.
The main objective of this research is to develop a knowledge base decision support system for managing irrigation. Data on climatic elements, irrigation water supply and crop yield for the period 19612010 integrated with remote sensing data from 2000 to 2014 are used. This report examines how the design of the gezira irrigation scheme has resolved many of the distribution problems still found in more recently. Taking a historical perspective, it shows the way in which factors such as ecology, biology, social and economic variables and politics have shaped patterns of infection, and how different kinds of strategies have been. Spatiotemporal performance of largescale gezira irrigation. The gezira irrigation scheme in sudan objectives, design, and. The objective of this paper is to assess the irrigation performance of the gezira scheme, sudan. The world bank and the gezira scheme in the sudan political. These studies focus on the extent to which the design of the irrigation system fosters effective water management and provides equitable.
Improvising planned development on the gezira plain, sudan. The water comes from the blue nile the utility type of water management occurs in areas where the land is owned by many, but the exploitation and distribution of the water resources are managed by government organizations. Here, it is shown for the projected changes in 2 m temperature that echam5 and remo without irrigation project an. World bank technical paper number 120, 1990 pdfdatei. The typical image of the gezira scheme, the largescale irrigation scheme started under british colonial rule in sudan, is of a centrally planned effort by a central colonial power controlling tenants and cotton production. Taj alsir mustafa to prepare a study on the institutional reform of the gezira, new halfa and rahad agricultural schemes. For the climate change simulations, the results of scenario ii 20852099 minus control 19851999 are presented in fig. The gezira scheme is the largest irrigation scheme in the world under a single managing body, sudan gezira board sgb. Other major farming areas are watered by the khashm alqirbah dam on the atbara river and by alru.
This paper determined optimum crop combinations for the gezira using the meanvariance mv model. Taking a historical perspective, it shows the way in which factors such as ecology, biology, social and economic variables and politics have shaped patterns of infection, and how different kinds of strategies have been developed to control schistosomal. The gezira irrigation scheme in sudan is one of the largest in africa and contains over 1,200 unregistered and illegal villages that are home to im. The gezira scheme was begun by the british and distributes water from the blue nile through canals and ditches to tenant farms lying. This network of canals and ditches is 4,300 kilometres 2,700 mi long, and with the completion in the early 1960s of the manaqil extension on the western side of the gezira scheme, the irrigated area now covers 8,800 square kilometres 3,400 sq mi, about half the countrys total land under irrigation.
The gezira produces only one commercial crop cotton, while the s. It is located on the flat plains between the blue nile and white nile, south of khartoum, fig. Characterisation of larval habitats, species composition. Org fao wapor national level map 100m this map shows the water productivity of the gezira scheme in sudan. However, during the last ten years 1999 to 2009 gezira scheme was a high priority beginning with a presidential decree which mandated dr. It has grown from the original scheme cultivating 300,000 fd to the present irrigation area of 2. The purpose of the gezira irrigation scheme is to provide the northern portion of the gezira plain with a plentiful supply of water for the purpose of cotton. Drifting sand endangering gezira irrigation scheme in central sudan, history and impact 401 eastward, towards the gezira scheme, traditional rainfed agriculture was the dominant land use type. It is centered on the sudanese state of al jazirah, just southeast of the confluence of the blue and white nile rivers at the city of khartoum. Pdf the lack of effective water distribution systems has hindered the development of irrigated agriculture in much of the world. Dam, which provides irrigation water for the rahad scheme. This page was last edited on 3 november 2012, at 07. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf.
The irrigation canals and fields that needed protection were used for growing rotations of sorghum and groundnut as private crops, cotton and wheat to be sold to the government. Some farmer communities living inside the gezira irrigation scheme area used canal water for drinking and washing. Technical efficiency analysis of groundnut production in the gezira scheme, sudan babiker o. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Taj alsir mustafa to prepare a study on the institutional reform of the gezira, new halfa and rahad. Gezira scheme irrigation project, sudan britannica. The gezira which means island is particularly suited to irrigation because the soil slopes away from the blue nile and water therefore naturally runs through the. Economics of crop production in the gezira irrigation scheme. Laki the gezira irrigation scheme the gezira plain. Information on irrigation indicators is needed to improve irrigation management.
Gezira is located in central sudan, along the blue nile river, between thelatitude15. For proper nourishment of crops certain amount of water is required. The gezira scheme was begun by the british and distributes water from the blue nile through canals and ditches to tenant farms lying between the blue and white nile rivers. Gezira versus lowveld irrigation schemes free zimsec. Partiality and accountability in patterning schistosomiasis. Huge ecological changes have occurred after gezira scheme such as increased irrigated areas, deforestation and hence became one of the largest irrigation p rojects in the world to became operational. Abstract the primary objective of this study is to measure and. Gezira scheme has a gentle slop to the north and west of the blue nile, it is suitable for gravity irrigation. The scheme is irrigated principally by gravity irrigation from the sennar dam on the blue nile.
Minutes of the proceedings of the institution of civil engineers, volume 222, issue 1926, 1 jan 1926 1001. The yellowgreen patches in this map represent fields that yield at least 1 kilogram of product. The gezira irrigation scheme highlights the complicated relationships between medicine, capital, and the health of labour. The sennar dam is an irrigation dam on the blue nile near the town of sennar in the al jazirah region of sudan. Figure 1 gezira irrigation scheme and location of study area source of water supply. This paper analyses the changing patterns of infection with schistosoma mansoni and s. Rainfall consistently enhanced around the gezira scheme in. The commercial formulation used frescon is an emulsifiable concentrate containing 16. Attention to the cultural meanings expressed by the british through and about the gezira scheme suggests, however, that such projects embody far more than the simple economic interests of a ruling power.
Gains from crop diversification in the sudan gezira scheme. E lowveld not only has this but also uses overhead sprinkler irrigation. Colonial moral economy and the discipline of development. Impacts of legal and institutional changes on irrigation management performance.
High potential of natural resources but low agricultural productivity are main characteristics of gezira irrigation scheme in sudan. These villages are highly infected by schistosomiasis exceeds 50 per cent in the scheme area owing to the use of infected water. Allen, the gezira irrigation scheme, sudan, african affairs, volume xxv, issue xcix, april 1926, pages 229236. Water source quality testing in gezira state, sudan, using. Gezira scheme project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. Similarities between gezira and zimbabwes lowveld irrigation schemes the similarities between the gezira and the s. The gezira scheme was begun by the british while the area was governed as part of angloegyptian sudan. The gezira irrigation scheme lies between the blue and white nile rivers south of khartoum, and is fed principally by gravity irrigation from sennar dam on the blue nile. A largescale field trial was carried out during december 1973 to assess the effect of trifenmorph on bulinus truncatus and biomphalaria pfeifferi in 379 000 feddans. Aug 09, 2019 gezira irrigation scheme pdf august 9, 2019 the purpose of the gezira irrigation scheme is to provide the northern portion of the gezira plain with a plentiful supply of water for the purpose of cotton.
Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Technical efficiency analysis of groundnut production in. Objectives, design, and performance world bank technical paper on free shipping on qualified orders. Integrated control techniques for the gezira irrigation scheme. Minutes of the proceedings of the institution of civil engineers, volume 222, issue 1926, 1 jan 1926 8199. The future of participatory water management in gezira scheme, sudan. The need to protect the gezira from disease infection dominated interwar medical policy and medical research. Northwestern parts of the gezira irrigation scheme between the blue and the white. Pdf sudans irrigated agriculture faces water shortages with the current method of water use. Wastewater irrigation management plans june 2009 when is the wimp required. Regions of the county or counties where the example can be found. Largescale snail control trial with trifenmorph in the. Gezira irrigation scheme, sudan african affairs oxford. Located in the central part of the blue nile basin, it is the biggest gravity irrigation scheme under one management in the world, counting an area of almost 900,000 hectare.
Mirghani department of agricultural economics, faculty of agriculture and natural resources, university of bakht al ruda, sudan. We find many pros and cons regarding the activity of the various departments of agriculture during the past five decades in sudan. Pdf dynamics of irrigation water use in sudan gezira scheme. E lowveld irrigation schemes are fewer than the differences but still a few can be found from both a physical and socioeconomic point of view. A case of the gezira irrigation scheme, sudan mdpi. Determinants of food security in gezira scheme of sudan. Drifting sand endangering gezira irrigation scheme in. To set up an advisory service for the gezira irrigation scheme that conveys satellite based information on crops and irrigation to selected farmers via mobile phone textmessages.
This report is part of a series of case studies on the performance of irrigation systems in different countries. Development of a decision support system for irrigation. The scheme is supplied from sennar dam through extensive canal network comprising of two main canals 194 km long, branch and major. Irrigation management is critically important in gezira scheme, where a large area should be fully utilized with different type of crops. If rainfall is insufficient there will be deficiency in fulfillment of water requirement.
Given these validations, we adopted the same version of mrcm and designed the experiment to mimic the gezira irrigation scheme in sudan. A story of development in the sudan faber and faber, london, 1959. Options for the sustainable development of the gezira scheme pdf, government of sudan and the world bank, 17 october 2000. Domestic water supply options in gezira irrigation scheme irc wash.
A case of the gezira irrigation scheme, sudan article pdf available in water 1011. Performance assessment of large irrigation systems using. It has a capacity of two hundred plot holders with each plot averaging 0, 5 hectares therefore. The gezira relies mainly on canal and flood irrigation, the s. Disease, quarantine, and racial categories in the gezira.
How can sudan allocate its water quota stipulated in the. E lowveld produces sugar cane, cotton, wheat, maize, coffee, fruits and beef. This land use pattern where sand dunes engulfing the rainfed cultivated areas, reveal the risk of wind erosion and the future hazard of continuing. Doctors and political officials alike knew that the opening of a massive irrigation scheme would bring epidemiological change, potentially. The irrigation canals of the gezira scheme as seen from space, 1997. Technical efficiency analysis of groundnut production in the. The gezira irrigation scheme lies between the blue and white nile rivers south of khartoum, and is fed principally by gravity irrigation from sennar dam. The wimp may be a standalone document, or part of a holistic environmental management plan or environmental performance. Gezira irrigation scheme a struggle for revival on vimeo. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Satellite based ict for improved crop production in gezira scheme. M macdonald, a g vaughan lee, m f g wilson, w l lowe brown, j s wilson source. The ebook is optimized for ereader devices and apps, which means that it offers a much better digital reading experience than a pdf, including resizable text and.
Dam, which provides irrigation water for the rahad. It is located at the plane area between the blue nile and white nile south of khartoum the capital of sudan, as shown in fig. Read this article to learn about the major advantages and disadvantages of irrigation. Where possible, the teams crosschecked the official data estimates received by conducting extensive field inspections, rapid case studies with sample farmers and. The main irrigation schemes of africa and zimbabwe almost every country in africa has irrigation schemes of different sizes, most of them too small to note but the big ones are few due to the absence of rivers from which to draw water from. Gezira irrigation scheme pdf august 9, 2019 the purpose of the gezira irrigation scheme is to provide the northern portion of the gezira plain with a plentiful supply of water for the purpose of cotton. E with an average elevation of 405 m above mean sea level. Sennar dam feeds the arbitrary canals extending 1,020,199 feddans through the gravity down flow of water for the purpose of irrigation for the production of longstaple cotton and various subsidiary crops 1. The main irrigation schemes of africa and zimbabwe free.